What is the definition of "catastrophizing" in the context of anxiety?

Catastrophizing refers to the cognitive distortion where an individual expects the worst possible outcome in a given situation. This often leads to increased anxiety and stress, as the person magnifies potential negative outcomes far beyond what is realistic. In the context of anxiety, catastrophizing can exacerbate feelings of worry and fear, causing the individual to become overwhelmed by thoughts of failure, loss, or disaster.

For example, someone who is preparing for a presentation might think, "If I mess up, everyone will judge me, and I will lose my job," without considering more likely, less negative outcomes. This thought pattern can create a cycle of anxiety, making it difficult for the person to function effectively. In contrast to the other options, which either minimize issues, focus on positives, or disregard stressors, catastrophizing emphasizes a heightened sense of anxiety by overly emphasizing negative possibilities.