What psychological disorder is characterized by both obsessions and compulsions?

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is specifically characterized by the presence of obsessions and compulsions. Obsessions refer to intrusive, unwanted thoughts, images, or urges that cause significant anxiety or distress. Compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental acts that an individual feels driven to perform in response to an obsession or according to rigid rules.

In OCD, the compulsive behaviors are often performed in an attempt to reduce the anxiety caused by obsessions or to prevent a feared event from occurring, although the connection between the behavior and the feared outcome is often not realistic. This disorder can severely disrupt daily functioning and quality of life, as individuals may spend considerable time engaged in compulsive behaviors or may avoid situations that trigger their obsessions.

Understanding the distinct nature of OCD helps in recognizing its treatment options, which may include psychotherapy, such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), particularly Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP), and medications, like selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).

Other options like Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, and Panic Disorder have different characteristics and do not include the combination of both obsessions and compulsions. Generalized Anxiety Disorder primarily involves pervasive anxiety without specific obsessions or compulsions.